Anna Karenina and Madame Bovary ------------------------------- Anna Karenina ------------- Anna Karenina is a novel written by the Russian writer Leo Tolstoy, published in serial installments from 1873 to 1877. Widely regarded as a pinnacle in realist fiction, Tolstoy considered Anna Karenina his first true novel. Although many Russian critics said that the novel was a romance of high life, many others considered it pure art. Madame Bovary ------------- Madame Bovary is a novel written by Gustave Flaubert, and is considered his masterpiece. The novel tells the story of a doctor's wife, Emma Bovary, who has adulterous affairs and lives beyond her means in order to escape the banalities and emptiness of provincial life. It was first published in book form in April 1857 after being publicly rejected when was serialized the year before. A theory of mind ----------------- Theory of mind is the ability to relate to the mental states, tex. beliefs, intents, desires, pretending, knowledge, etc., of oneself and others and to understand that others have beliefs, desires and intentions that are different from one's own. Einstein's special or general theory ------------------------------------- Special theory -------------- Special theory of relativity is a theory about the relations between space and time, developed by Albert Einstein in 1905. It abandoned the notion of absolute time, that is, that the temporal ordering of events and the duration of time intervals are independent from the observer. General theory -------------- General theory of relativity is a theory of gravitation that was developed by Albert Einstein between 1907 and 1915. It says that the observed gravitational attraction between masses results from the warping of space and time by those masses. Crick and Watson's 1953 paper ------------------------------ 'Molecular structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid' was an article published by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in the scientific journal 'Nature' in its 171st volume on April 25, 1953. It was the first publication which described the discovery of the structure of DNA. This discovery had a major impact on genetics in particular and biology in general. Let us read his life as a novel, like Herzog --------------------------------------------- Herzog is a novel written by Saul Bellow published in 1964. It follows the life and thoughts of its main character, Herzog, who, throughout the novel, describes his feelings and experiences through writing letters. This gene-culture co-evolution, elaborated by E.O. Wilson among others ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Biological co-evolution, in a broad sense, is the change of a biological object triggered by the change of a related object. Co-evolution can occur at multiple levels of biology. Each party in a co-evolutionary relationship exerts selective pressures on the other, thereby affecting each others' evolution. Virginia Woolf -------------- Adeline Virginia Woolf (25 January 1882 - 28 March 1941) was an English novelist and essayist. She is considered as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. Her most famous works include the novels Mrs Dalloway (1925), To the Lighthouse (1927) and Orlando (1928), and the book-length essay A Room of One's Own (1929) The famous behaviorist John Watson ----------------------------------- John Broadus Watson (9 January 1878 - 25 September 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism, after doing research on animal behavior. Later he went on from psychology to become a popular author on child rearing, and an acclaimed contributor to the advertising industry. Social Darwinism and eugenics ------------------------------ Social Darwinism ---------------- Social Darwinism refers to various ideologies based on a concept that competition among all individuals, groups, nations, or ideas drives social evolution in human societies. The term commonly refers to ideas that predate Darwin's publication of 'On the Origin of Species'. Eugenics -------- Eugenics was an international scientific, political and moral ideology and movement which was at its height in first half of the 20th century and was largely abandoned with the end of World War II. The movement often pursued notions of racial supremacy and purity. Eugenics was founded by Darwins' cousin, Francis Galton. Today, it is widely regarded as a brutal movement which inflicted massive human rights violations on millions of people. pages 9-10 --------- These pages describe Darwin's experiments that show that all humans understand emotions in the same way, tex. a sad face expression on a Swedish person will give the impression that this person is sad, any part of the world, independently on the culture, gender, age or part of the world the asked person comes from. This property is what makes literature still be understood and appreciated when it is translated to other languages than the one it was written in. macrotermitine --------------- It illustrates that every specie has its own unique nature that defines it and separates it from other species. Odyssey ------ To illustrate that human emotion did not change over time. This part of the Odyssey describes the emotions of a woman who lived hundreds of years ago, and yet these emotions are very much understood and are experienced today. Just like Penelope felt doubt whether the man standing before her is actually her husband or an imposer, any person today would very much feel the same doubt when meeting someone he or she has not meet in 20 years.