Instructor:
Rand Waltzman
rand@nada.kth.se
http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/bbhist.html
Excellent source of background on history of
AI. If you want to get a good idea of
where you are going, you should have a good idea of where you have been.
http://www.aaai.org/AITopics/html/overview.html
Numerous references that will help give you an
overview of AI. Probably the best single
source I know. For one of my favorite
selections from this list see next reference.
http://psych.utoronto.ca/%7Ereingold/courses/ai/
This “Artificial Intelligence Tutorial
Review” is a very nice overview with specific pointers to other
literature if you want them. It is not
too long and well worth a look.
Nareyek, A. 2004
Artificial
Intelligence in Computer Games - State of the Art and Future Directions
ACM Queue 1(10), 58-65.
http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=00048144-10D2-1C70-84A9809EC588EF21&ref=sciam
Classic article by Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora
Lassila describes the basic
ideas of the Semantic Web. Good overview
of the ideas behind it.
Natalya F. Noy and Deborah L. McGuinness. Ontology
Development 101: A Guide to Creating Your First Ontology.
Excellent
and highly practical introduction to building an ontology using one of the most
popular tools available – Protégé.
Highly recommended.
D. Nardi, R. J. Brachman. An
Introduction to Description Logics
This
is the introductory chapter to the Description Logic Handbook. A thorough introduction - but not exactly
light reading.
Home
Page for the Game Ontology Project at Georgia Tech
This page has links to the complete Game
Ontology that was discussed in the lecture.
There are also has references to several other competing approaches to
game design languages.
S.
Björk, J. Holopainen. Describing
Games: An Interaction-Centric Structural Framework.
S.
Lundgren, S. Björk. Game
Mechanics: Describing Computer-Augmented Games in Terms of Interactions.
S. Björk, S. Lundgren, J. Holopainen. Game Design Patterns.
Collection
of papers describing the concept and use of Game Design Patterns discussed in
the lecture.
Chapter 3: Traditional
Games / Search (ppt slides)
Lecture
notes by Dr. Martin Johnson,
Practical Artificial Intelligence
Programming in Java is a very nice little book by Mark Watson that gives
very elementary and practical explanations of a number of basic AI
techniques. These explanations are made
concrete by showing you how to implement the ideas described in Java (lots of
detail). The book is downloadable and
absolutely free. The first chapter
covers search and illustrates its use in classic games. Highly recommended for those of you who want
get an introduction to how things really work.
IBM
has an excellent site about Deep Blue. You can see the details of the game with
Kasparov and read a variety of interesting articles about the technology that
was used.
There
is an extremely interesting web site about Automatic
Knowledge Generation in Games. It is
devoted to the topics of “How to use program specialization to build
better and faster game programs” and “How to make computers
discover new knowledge in games.”
They give many interesting examples.
Here is a web site where you can
read all about Chinook, the world champion checkers playing program. You can even play a game against Chinook
yourself.
A fairly technical description of
TD-Gammon by its creator can be found here.
You can read about Logistello at Michael
Buro’s web site. You can even download the source code!
You can read all about Matt
Ginsberg’s GIB bridge playing program (and even buy a copy at a fairly
low price!) here.
Intelligent
Agents by Ira Rudowsky is a nice, short introduction to Agent technology in
general.
For more extensive
introductions to Agent technology I recommend either Software
Agents: An Overview by Hyacinth Nwana or Intelligent
Agents: Theory and Practice by Woolridge and
Kenrick Mock et al give a nice
discussion of the Risky Business game and RobBot the game show host that we
discussed in class in their article Cyberspace
Game Show Hosts : Agents for Socialization, Not Just Entertainment.
Leonard Foner gives a nice, brief discussion of another very
interesting agent called Julia in Entertaining
Agents: A Sociological Case Study.
He provides a more detailed description of Julia in What’s An
Agent, Anyway? A Sociological Case Study.
Patti Maes, one of the most entertaining
of the entertainment agent gurus at MIT, give a very nice introduction to this
subject in her article Artificial
Life Meets Entertainment: Lifelike Autonomous Agents.
Joseph Weizenbaum is the original creator of
ELIZA. There is nothing like reading
about this from the source. The original
paper on the subject from 1966 is ELIZA A Computer
Program For the Study of Natural Language Communication Between Man And Machine. I strongly encourage you to read this.
Readings
If you want to explore an excellent collection of
references on the general topic of rule based programming and expert systems, I
highly recommend the special
topic page on expert systems maintained by AAAI.
The Artificial Intelligence
Interface Standards Committee (AIISC) of the International
Games Developers Association (IGDA) has a Working Group on Rule-based Systems (RBS). I would strongly encourage you to read their 2005 Annual Report for
an excellent view of this topic from some of the heavyweights in the games
business. It is extremely
educational.
For those of you with an interest in mobile
entertainment platforms, I recommend reading A Lightweight Rule-based Al Engine for
Mobile Games that was presented at the 2004 ACM
SIGCHI International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment
Technology (note that this link is to the information page for the
2007 edition of the conference in
Chapter 6 – Artificial Emotions (ppt
slides – Part A,
Part B)
Here
is a collection of papers that will get you well on your emotional way.
Useful
Roles of Emotions in Artificial Agents: A Case Study from Artificial Life
by Matthias Scheutz
The
Artificial Emotion Engine, Driving
Emotional Behavior by Ian
Wilson
New
Challenges for Character-Based AI for Games by Isla and Blumberg
Facial
Expression and Emotion by Paul Ekman (one of the founders of the field)
What
Are Emotion Theories About? by Aaron Sloman (always worth reading what he
has to say)
Upp till kursöversikt.