/**
* I/O Cheat Sheet 
* Version 0.1
* Author: Musard Balliu
* It describes how to perform I/O using standard Java
* or the course library dit948
*/


**** I/O using standard Java commands******

Reading user-provided input from the console in Java
----------------------------------------------------

Step 1: Create an Scanner object in the "main" method

       Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);

Step 2: Use the following expressions to input a value of
 	a give type

input.nextInt()     // reads an integer value (e.g. 1, -5, 321) from the console

input.nextDouble()  // reads a real value (e.g. 3.2, 1.32432, 77) from the console

input.nextBoolean() // reads a boolean value (e.g. true, false) from the console

input.next()        // reads a string (up to the first white space) from the console. 
                       If the input  is "Hello World" is will only read "Hello".  

input.nextLine()    // reads the entire string (including white spaces) from the console.
		       If the input is "Hello World" is will read "Hello World" 

input.nextFloat()  // reads a float value

input.nextLong()   // reads a long value

input.nextByte()   // reads a byte value

input.nextShort()  // reads a short value


Writing output to the console in Java
--------------------------------------

Step 1: Type the following commands

System.out.println(output) // prints to the console whatever value is in "output"
                              and move to the next line

System.out.print(output)  // prints to the console whatever value is in "output"
 			     without moving to the next line.	



**** I/O using library dit948******

Reading user-provided input from the console in Java
----------------------------------------------------

Step 1: Create a package dit948 in your Eclipse project and copy
        the file SimpleIO.java. 

Step 2: Copy/paste the following line in the Java file you have created to 
	implement your task. (see Template.java as an example)

        import static dit948.SimpleIO.*;

Step 3: Use the following expressions to input a value of a give type

readInt()     // reads an integer value (e.g. 1, -5, 321) from the console

readDouble()  // reads a real value (e.g. 3.2, 1.32432, 77) from the console

readBoolean() // reads a boolean value (e.g. true, false) from the console

readString()  // reads a string (up to the first white space) from the console. 
                 If the input  is "Hello World" is will only read "Hello".  

readLine()    // reads the entire string (including white spaces) from the console.
		 If the input is "Hello World" is will read "Hello World" 

readChar()    // reads a character (e.g. 'a', '7', '+') from the console 

readFloat()  // reads a float value

readLong()   // reads a long value

readByte()   // reads a byte value

readShort()  // reads a short value


Writing output to the console in Java
--------------------------------------

Step 1: the same as above

Step 2: the same as above

Step 3: Type the following commands

println(output) // prints to the console whatever value is in "output"
                              and move to the next line

print(output)  // prints to the console whatever value is in "output"
 			     without moving to the next line.	


Generating random input values in Java
--------------------------------------

Step 1 and 2:  almost the same as above. Just use Random.java instead of 
               SimpleIO.java

Step 3: Type the following commands


randomInt()      // generates a random integer value between -2^31 and 2^31 - 1

randomInt(int n) // generates a random integer in the range (0, 1, ..., n-1)
                    Example: random(100) generates an integer between 0 and 99

randomBoolean() // generates a random boolean value, namely either true or false

randomChar()    // generates a random character

randomDouble()  // generates a random real number